feat(테이블타입): 컬럼 단건 DROP 기능 — ColumnGrid ⋯ 메뉴에 "컬럼 삭제" 추가

- DdlService.dropColumn: ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN (CASCADE 미사용 → FK 참조 시 Postgres 거부, DBeaver 동일)
- 시스템 테이블 / 예약 컬럼(id/created_date/updated_date/company_code/writer) 보호
- 같은 트랜잭션에서 table_type_columns / column_labels 메타 청소 + ddl_execution_log 기록
- DdlController: DELETE /api/ddl/tables/{table}/columns/{column} (SUPER_ADMIN 전용)
- ddlApi.dropColumn 헬퍼
- ColumnGrid: ... 버튼을 DropdownMenu 로 교체, "컬럼 삭제" destructive 메뉴 아이템
- page.tsx: 컬럼 삭제 확인 다이얼로그 + 핸들러, FK 거부 시 토스트로 안내

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend-spring/src/main/java/com/erp/controller/DdlController.java

@@ -91,6 +91,32 @@ public class DdlController {
         return ResponseEntity.status(400).body(ApiResponse.error((String) result.get("message")));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * DELETE /api/ddl/tables/{tableName}/columns/{columnName} - 컬럼 삭제
+     */
+    @DeleteMapping("/tables/{tableName}/columns/{columnName}")
+    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<?>> dropColumn(
+            @PathVariable String tableName,
+            @PathVariable String columnName,
+            @RequestAttribute("company_code") String companyCode,
+            @RequestAttribute("user_id") String userId) {
+
+        if (!isSuperAdmin(companyCode)) {
+            return ResponseEntity.status(403).body(ApiResponse.error("최고 관리자 권한이 필요합니다."));
+        }
+
+        Map<String, Object> result = ddlService.dropColumn(tableName, columnName, companyCode, userId);
+
+        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(result.get("success"))) {
+            return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(Map.of(
+                "table_name",     result.get("table_name"),
+                "column_name",    result.get("column_name"),
+                "executed_query", result.get("executed_query")
+            ), (String) result.get("message")));
+        }
+        return ResponseEntity.status(400).body(ApiResponse.error((String) result.get("message")));
+    }
+
     /**
      * DELETE /api/ddl/tables/{tableName} - 테이블 삭제
      */

backend-spring/src/main/java/com/erp/service/DdlService.java

@@ -226,6 +226,79 @@ public class DdlService extends BaseService {
         }
     }
 
+    // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    // DROP COLUMN (DBeaver 방식: FK 등 위반은 Postgres 가 던지는 에러를 그대로 노출)
+    // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    public Map<String, Object> dropColumn(String tableName, String columnName,
+                                          String companyCode, String userId) {
+        // 1. 시스템 테이블 보호
+        if (SYSTEM_TABLES.contains(tableName.toLowerCase())) {
+            String errorMsg = "'" + tableName + "'은 시스템 테이블이므로 컬럼을 삭제할 수 없습니다.";
+            logDdlOperation(userId, companyCode, "DROP_COLUMN", tableName,
+                "SYSTEM_TABLE_PROTECTED", false, errorMsg);
+            return Map.of("success", false, "message", errorMsg, "error_code", "SYSTEM_TABLE_PROTECTED");
+        }
+
+        // 2. 예약 컬럼 보호 (id / created_date / updated_date / company_code / writer)
+        if (RESERVED_COLUMNS.contains(columnName.toLowerCase()) || "writer".equalsIgnoreCase(columnName)) {
+            String errorMsg = "'" + columnName + "'은 시스템 예약 컬럼이므로 삭제할 수 없습니다.";
+            logDdlOperation(userId, companyCode, "DROP_COLUMN", tableName,
+                "RESERVED_COLUMN_PROTECTED", false, errorMsg);
+            return Map.of("success", false, "message", errorMsg, "error_code", "RESERVED_COLUMN_PROTECTED");
+        }
+
+        // 3. 테이블/컬럼 존재 여부
+        if (!tableExists(tableName)) {
+            String errorMsg = "테이블 '" + tableName + "'이 존재하지 않습니다.";
+            logDdlOperation(userId, companyCode, "DROP_COLUMN", tableName, "TABLE_NOT_FOUND", false, errorMsg);
+            return Map.of("success", false, "message", errorMsg, "error_code", "TABLE_NOT_FOUND");
+        }
+        if (!columnExists(tableName, columnName)) {
+            String errorMsg = "컬럼 '" + columnName + "'이 존재하지 않습니다.";
+            logDdlOperation(userId, companyCode, "DROP_COLUMN", tableName, "COLUMN_NOT_FOUND", false, errorMsg);
+            return Map.of("success", false, "message", errorMsg, "error_code", "COLUMN_NOT_FOUND");
+        }
+
+        // 4. DDL 실행 — CASCADE 안 붙임 → FK 참조 있으면 Postgres 가 거부 (DBeaver 와 동일)
+        String ddlQuery = "ALTER TABLE \"" + sanitize(tableName) + "\" DROP COLUMN \"" + sanitize(columnName) + "\"";
+
+        try {
+            transactionTemplate.execute(status -> {
+                jdbcTemplate.execute(ddlQuery);
+                // 컬럼 메타 청소
+                jdbcTemplate.update(
+                    "DELETE FROM table_type_columns WHERE table_name = ? AND column_name = ?",
+                    tableName, columnName);
+                jdbcTemplate.update(
+                    "DELETE FROM column_labels WHERE table_name = ? AND column_name = ?",
+                    tableName, columnName);
+                return null;
+            });
+
+            logDdlOperation(userId, companyCode, "DROP_COLUMN", tableName, ddlQuery, true, null);
+            log.info("컬럼 삭제 성공: {}.{}, 사용자: {}", tableName, columnName, userId);
+
+            return Map.of(
+                "success", true,
+                "message", "컬럼 '" + columnName + "'이 성공적으로 삭제되었습니다.",
+                "table_name", tableName,
+                "column_name", columnName,
+                "executed_query", ddlQuery
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            String rawMsg = e.getMessage() != null ? e.getMessage() : "";
+            String guidance = rawMsg.toLowerCase().contains("depend") || rawMsg.toLowerCase().contains("foreign key")
+                ? " (다른 테이블에서 외래키로 참조 중인 컬럼은 삭제할 수 없습니다)"
+                : "";
+            String errorMsg = "컬럼 삭제 실패: " + rawMsg + guidance;
+            logDdlOperation(userId, companyCode, "DROP_COLUMN", tableName,
+                "FAILED: " + rawMsg, false, errorMsg);
+            log.error("컬럼 삭제 실패: {}.{}, 사용자: {}, 오류: {}", tableName, columnName, userId, rawMsg, e);
+            return Map.of("success", false, "message", errorMsg, "error_code", "EXECUTION_FAILED");
+        }
+    }
+
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     // VALIDATE
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

frontend/app/(main)/admin/systemMng/tableMngList/page.tsx

@@ -120,6 +120,9 @@ export default function TableManagementPage() {
   // 테이블 삭제 확인 다이얼로그 상태
   const [deleteDialogOpen, setDeleteDialogOpen] = useState(false);
   const [tableToDelete, setTableToDelete] = useState<string>("");
+  const [deleteColumnDialogOpen, setDeleteColumnDialogOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [columnToDelete, setColumnToDelete] = useState<string>("");
+  const [isDeletingColumn, setIsDeletingColumn] = useState(false);
   const [isDeleting, setIsDeleting] = useState(false);
 
   // PK/인덱스 관리 상태
@@ -984,7 +987,20 @@ export default function TableManagementPage() {
         (table.display_name ?? '').toLowerCase().includes(searchTerm.toLowerCase()),
     );
     const isKorean = (str: string) => /^[가-힣ㄱ-ㅎ]/.test(str);
+    const q = searchTerm.trim().toLowerCase();
+    // 검색 매치 강도: 0=정확, 1=시작, 2=포함 — 낮을수록 위
+    const matchScore = (t: typeof tables[number]) => {
+      if (!q) return 0;
+      const tn = (t.table_name ?? "").toLowerCase();
+      const dn = (t.display_name ?? "").toLowerCase();
+      if (tn === q || dn === q) return 0;
+      if (tn.startsWith(q) || dn.startsWith(q)) return 1;
+      return 2;
+    };
     return filtered.sort((a, b) => {
+      const sa = matchScore(a);
+      const sb = matchScore(b);
+      if (sa !== sb) return sa - sb;
       const nameA = a.display_name || a.table_name;
       const nameB = b.display_name || b.table_name;
       const aKo = isKorean(nameA);
@@ -1188,6 +1204,37 @@ export default function TableManagementPage() {
     setDeleteDialogOpen(true);
   };
 
+  // 컬럼 삭제 (DBeaver 방식 — FK 참조 있으면 Postgres 가 거부)
+  const handleDeleteColumnClick = (columnName: string) => {
+    setColumnToDelete(columnName);
+    setDeleteColumnDialogOpen(true);
+  };
+
+  const handleDeleteColumn = async () => {
+    if (!selectedTable || !columnToDelete) return;
+    setIsDeletingColumn(true);
+    try {
+      const result = await ddlApi.dropColumn(selectedTable, columnToDelete);
+      if (result.success) {
+        toast.success(`컬럼 '${columnToDelete}'이 삭제되었습니다.`);
+        if (selectedColumn === columnToDelete) setSelectedColumn(null);
+        await loadColumnTypes(selectedTable);
+      } else {
+        showErrorToast("컬럼 삭제에 실패했습니다", result.message, {
+          guidance: "다른 테이블에서 외래키로 참조 중이거나 종속 객체가 있는지 확인해 주세요.",
+        });
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      showErrorToast("컬럼 삭제에 실패했습니다", error, {
+        guidance: "다른 테이블에서 외래키로 참조 중이거나 종속 객체가 있는지 확인해 주세요.",
+      });
+    } finally {
+      setIsDeletingColumn(false);
+      setDeleteColumnDialogOpen(false);
+      setColumnToDelete("");
+    }
+  };
+
   // 테이블 삭제 실행
   const handleDeleteTable = async () => {
     if (!tableToDelete) return;
@@ -1678,6 +1725,7 @@ export default function TableManagementPage() {
                     onIndexToggle={(columnName, checked) =>
                       handleIndexToggle(columnName, "index", checked)
                     }
+                    onDeleteColumn={handleDeleteColumnClick}
                     tables={tables}
                     referenceTableColumns={referenceTableColumns}
                   />
@@ -1863,6 +1911,62 @@ export default function TableManagementPage() {
                 </DialogFooter>
               </DialogContent>
             </Dialog>
+
+            {/* 컬럼 삭제 확인 다이얼로그 */}
+            <Dialog open={deleteColumnDialogOpen} onOpenChange={setDeleteColumnDialogOpen}>
+              <DialogContent className="max-w-[95vw] sm:max-w-[480px]">
+                <DialogHeader>
+                  <DialogTitle className="text-base sm:text-lg">컬럼 삭제 확인</DialogTitle>
+                  <DialogDescription className="text-xs sm:text-sm">
+                    정말 삭제할까요? 이 작업은 되돌릴 수 없습니다.
+                  </DialogDescription>
+                </DialogHeader>
+
+                {columnToDelete && (
+                  <div className="space-y-3 sm:space-y-4">
+                    <div className="border-destructive/50 bg-destructive/10 rounded-lg border p-4">
+                      <p className="text-destructive text-sm font-semibold">경고</p>
+                      <p className="text-destructive/80 mt-1.5 text-sm">
+                        <span className="font-mono font-bold">{selectedTable}.{columnToDelete}</span> 컬럼과 해당 컬럼의
+                        모든 데이터가 영구적으로 삭제됩니다.
+                      </p>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
+                <DialogFooter className="gap-2 sm:gap-0">
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      setDeleteColumnDialogOpen(false);
+                      setColumnToDelete("");
+                    }}
+                    disabled={isDeletingColumn}
+                    className="h-8 flex-1 text-xs sm:h-10 sm:flex-none sm:text-sm"
+                  >
+                    취소
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button
+                    variant="destructive"
+                    onClick={handleDeleteColumn}
+                    disabled={isDeletingColumn}
+                    className="h-8 flex-1 gap-2 text-xs sm:h-10 sm:flex-none sm:text-sm"
+                  >
+                    {isDeletingColumn ? (
+                      <>
+                        <RefreshCw className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
+                        삭제 중...
+                      </>
+                    ) : (
+                      <>
+                        <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
+                        삭제
+                      </>
+                    )}
+                  </Button>
+                </DialogFooter>
+              </DialogContent>
+            </Dialog>
           </>
         )}
 

frontend/components/admin/table-type/ColumnGrid.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 "use client";
 
 import React, { useMemo } from "react";
-import { MoreHorizontal, Database, Layers, FileStack } from "lucide-react";
+import { MoreHorizontal, Database, Layers, FileStack, Trash2 } from "lucide-react";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
+import {
+  DropdownMenu,
+  DropdownMenuContent,
+  DropdownMenuItem,
+  DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu";
 import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
 import type { ColumnTypeInfo, TableInfo } from "./types";
 import { INPUT_TYPE_COLORS, getColumnGroup } from "./types";
@@ -24,6 +30,7 @@ export interface ColumnGridProps {
   getColumnIndexState?: (columnName: string) => { isPk: boolean; hasIndex: boolean };
   onPkToggle?: (columnName: string, checked: boolean) => void;
   onIndexToggle?: (columnName: string, checked: boolean) => void;
+  onDeleteColumn?: (columnName: string) => void;
   /** 호버 시 한글 라벨 표시용 (Badge title) */
   tables?: TableInfo[];
   referenceTableColumns?: Record<string, ReferenceTableColumn[]>;
@@ -57,6 +64,7 @@ export function ColumnGrid({
   getColumnIndexState: externalGetIndexState,
   onPkToggle,
   onIndexToggle,
+  onDeleteColumn,
   tables,
   referenceTableColumns,
 }: ColumnGridProps) {
@@ -286,19 +294,32 @@ export function ColumnGrid({
                       </div>
 
                       <div className="flex items-center justify-center">
-                        <Button
+                        <DropdownMenu>
-                          type="button"
+                          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-                          variant="ghost"
+                            <Button
-                          size="icon"
+                              type="button"
-                          className="h-8 w-8"
+                              variant="ghost"
-                          onClick={(e) => {
+                              size="icon"
-                            e.stopPropagation();
+                              className="h-8 w-8"
-                            onSelectColumn(column.column_name);
+                              onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-                          }}
+                              aria-label="컬럼 액션 메뉴"
-                          aria-label="상세 설정"
+                            >
-                        >
+                              <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
-                          <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
+                            </Button>
-                        </Button>
+                          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                          <DropdownMenuContent align="end" onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
+                            <DropdownMenuItem
+                              className="text-destructive focus:text-destructive"
+                              onSelect={(e) => {
+                                e.preventDefault();
+                                onDeleteColumn?.(column.column_name);
+                              }}
+                            >
+                              <Trash2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+                              컬럼 삭제
+                            </DropdownMenuItem>
+                          </DropdownMenuContent>
+                        </DropdownMenu>
                       </div>
                     </div>
                   );

frontend/lib/api/ddl.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ export const ddlApi = {
     return response.data;
   },
 
+  /**
+   * 컬럼 삭제 (ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN)
+   */
+  dropColumn: async (tableName: string, columnName: string): Promise<DDLExecutionResult> => {
+    const response = await apiClient.delete(`/ddl/tables/${tableName}/columns/${columnName}`);
+    return response.data;
+  },
+
   /**
    * 테이블 생성 사전 검증 (실제 생성하지 않고 검증만)
    */